Khadi or Khaddar Fabrics | Tradition of Cumilla

The Khadi / Khaddar of cumilla have been known as special and famous since ancient times in the history. This weaving cloth was also exported abroad after met the demand of the country. A professional community was involved in the weaving industry from the beginning. Locally they were called as 'Yogi' or 'Debnath'. During the time of Mahatma Gandhi non-cooperation movement in British India and due to some historical reasons, Khadi industry grew rapidly and gained popularity in the region.

That time, Khadi / Khaddar cloth was made from cotton of Rangamati. There was many Yogi or Debnath families living in Chandina, Devbidwar, Burichang and Cumilla Sadar upazila of the district. When Gandhiji called for the exclusion of foreign textiles, there was a huge response in Comilla area and the production of Khadi cloth increased a lot. The khadi clothes of Comilla were spreading in different parts of the country. These fabrics gained popularity as a brand called Comilla's khadi / Khadi of Cumilla.

The Abhay Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi in Comilla played an important role in promoting the Khadi industry across the India sub-continent. Abhay Ashram was established as a social welfare institute and established as a shelter ground for the practice. When the call for the exclusion of foreign cloth began to cut in large quantities, the yarn was produced a lot using Charka. Abhay Ashram then sold the Charka in local Bazaar and also was making khadi cloths themselves. Khadi cloth that was made in different villages started to be marketed through Abhay Ashram.

History says, an eight hand tall dhoti was sold for only five paisa in the period of 1926-27. At that time, Comilla Abhay Ashram sold khadi clothes more than worth about Taka 9 lac. According to the writings of late Rabindra Sangeet singer, an activist of Abhay Ashram, Parimal Dutt said that even though there was huge demand which was not completely fulfilled from the supply of Abhay Ashram.

Due to the rapid demand for khadi, holes were drilled in the ground beneath the foot-driven paddle of taat boutique machine. The cloth that originates from this hole or alloy was called Khadi. Thus the origin of the name became Khadi. Gradually this cloth gained fame in the name of Khadi or Khaddar.

The golden age of the Khadi industry was after the 1971 independence. Soon there was a crisis. Huge numbers of war-torn taat garments were closed. In order to meet the demand for textiles, there was a lot of pressure on handmade weaving cloth in such an import depended country. Although the production of khadi was not widespread in comparison to the needs of the people of the country. Weavers in the villages around the center of Chandina started making mattresses, curtains and cloths etc.

Before independence, the demand for khadi was as widespread as winter clothing. As a result of the demand for khadi clothing, some of the area's past government owned the yarn as a middleman in plundering the profits by obtaining licenses. Due to the lack of yarn and paint at affordable prices, the actual weavers were forced to change their original occupation at that time. The power loom based textile industry developed in the country in the mid-eighties. As a result, the ultra-varieties of garments produced a lot. Use of polyester, rayon, viscose, acrylic yarn etc increased. Duty-free foreign textiles was importing for export-oriented garments. In this way, the clothes that spread out of the name of Khadi were lost in the extinction alloy.

Although the khadi industry in Comilla is widely spread, this industry was primarily a cottage industry. Rural brides used to cut the charka to produce yarn and sold it to the weavers to earn extra income. The old man who could not work, the adolescent who did not have the opportunity to work as a labor outside, also had the opportunity to earn extra income in the world by cutting cotton yarn using Charka.

The weavers and the Khadi traders urged the government to immediately take measures to protect the industry and feared that it may go extinct otherwise. The weavers and traders have been demanding to keep this traditional cloth alive by injecting funds and training the craftsmen.

Thanks,

Related:

Rammala Library and Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya

Tradition of Comilla District | Khadi | Rasmalai | Pottery

History and Sculptures of Mainamati-Lalmai Range | Part 1
Cast Images | History and Sculptures of Mainamati-Lalmai | Part 2
Little History of SouthEast Bengal | Conquest and Culture Changes
A little about Comilla District
Famous Persons from Cumilla
Bangladesh Census Report | 2011 for Comilla
Total 16 Upazilas under Comilla District
Cumilla Victoria Government College
About Comilla Export Processing Zone | EPZ
Garments Factory in Comilla District

BTMA Member List | Spinning & Textile Factory in Comilla District

BTMA Members | Fabrics Manufacturing Factory in Comilla

Rammala Library and Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya

Founder of the famous Cumilla Rammala Library was the Donator Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya. After its founding, Dr Rashmohan Chakravarty and Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya himself worked to expand its holdings. Today, the name of the Comilla Rammala Library is also being pronounced on the back of tradition. In the year 1912, a Sanskrit library was established in the meeting room of Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya’s house in Comilla.

Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya, a scholar, philanthropist and descendant of Bengal. Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya is one of those who have worked tirelessly for the good of the country and the people in the pursuit of great purpose in human life. He has become well-established in life from the poorest of the poor, relying on hard work honesty, perseverance, self-confidence and noble ideals. He didn’t have the opportunity to study for severe poverty, later he made money.

This great human of Comilla (former Tripura), was born in the village of Bitghar under Nabinagar upazila of Brahmanbaria district. His father Ishwar das was a self literate person and his mother Rammala Devi Devya was a devout woman. The Rammala Library in Cumilla city is one of his immortal works. In the name of the founder's mother, the ‘Rammala’ established to facilitate the research work for the wise and the knowledgeable in the region. The institute is playing a major role for the welfare of the poor students of the researchers of sub-urban area.

According to an agreement with the Dhaka University, about 2,500 booklets (Puthi) of Rammala have been microfilmed. This was a pretty good initiative. Many researchers from across the country and abroad came to read Rammala's booklet for research and other purposes. The contribution of the Rammala Library is immense in the education and culture of Bangladesh. For researchers and explorers, the Rammala Library is favorite of all.

Apart from this lots of the scriptures of different religions are preserved in this library, so that it can play a vital role in creating a biography for the ordinary readers. In the booklet section there are ancient cultures and Bengali books. No fee or money is needed for readers. Any reader and researcher can study in this library. It is open for all.

The main Rammala Library building was constructed at Shakatla (now opposite of the Comilla Education Board) in Cumilla city. The establishment of the Rammala Library in a magnificent building in 1953 was a great event in this area. In the name of his mother the Ramlala Library was established in the year 1912, and later in the name of his father, Comilla Ishwar Pathshala was established. The Devalaya was founded in the 1917. A Primary School and Nibedita Girls Student Hostel was established in 1919. The Nat Mandir was established in 1925. In the year 1926, the students of Rammala hostel welcomed the famous poet Guru Rabindranath Tagore. Researchers also came from British Library of the subcontinent at the traditional Rammala Library.

The research section contains various books on Islam, Buddhism, Christianity and other religions and philosophy. Apart from this there are books of history, Bangla literature etc. The general section contains books and periodicals, including biographies, history, travel books, novels, etc., which are suitable for the general readers including students. The booklet section contains ancient scriptures and traditional manuscript books on traditional religion and philosophy. The manuscript was collected from various area of ​​the country for money.

Knowledge is the power in human life. Ignorance is the root of all suffering. So the library plays a very important role in gaining knowledge.

Related:

History and Sculptures of Mainamati-Lalmai Range | Part 1

Tradition of Comilla District | Khadi | Rasmalai | Pottery
Cast Images | History and Sculptures of Mainamati-Lalmai | Part 2
Little History of SouthEast Bengal | Conquest and Culture Changes

A little about Comilla District

Famous Persons from Cumilla

Bangladesh Census Report - 2011 for Comilla
Total 16 Upazilas under Comilla District

Cumilla Victoria Government College
Khadi or Khaddar Cloth | Tradition of Comilla

Famous Persons from Cumilla

At present, Comilla is a district under the Chittagong Division. It is a historical and famous area in the country. In the ancient times it belonged to the Samatat Township and later it became part of the State of Tripura.

The history says, Tripura was ruled by the Gupta emperors since the fifth century AD. The Buddhist rulers ruled the region from the seventh to the middle of the eighth century. In the ninth century, Comilla came under the rule of the kings of Harikel. Later this region was ruled by the Chandra Dynasty for about 150 years from the tenth to the middle of the eleventh century. Later it was ruled by the Mughals and came under the East India Company in 1765.

Year after year, lots of famous people were born in this district. All of these persons have done lots of things for Cumilla district and for the whole country. Below is the list of some famous person from Cumilla.

Name and Lifetime:

• Maharaja Birchandra Manikya Bahadur, 1837-1896

• Nawab Faizunnesa Chowdhurani, 1834-1903

• Hor Dayal Nag, 1853-1942

• Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya, 1858-1943

• Nawab Sir Syed Shamsul Huda, 1862-1922

• Ray Bahadur Anand Chandra Roy, 1863-1920

• Syed Abdul Jabbar, 1867-1951

• Nawab Syed Hoccham Haider Chowdhury, 1868-1921

• Akhil Chandra Dev, 1869-1950

• Khan Bahadur Abidur Reza Chowdhury, 1880-1961

• Abdur Rasool, 1870-1917

• Khan Bahadur Abdul Karim, 1873-1945

• Nawab Mosharraf Hossain, 1876-1966

• Bashant Kumar Majumder, 1876-1944

• Narendra Chandra Dutta, 1878-1962

• Kamini Kumar Dutta, 1879-1959

• Sachin Dev Varman, 1906-1975

• Dhirendra Nath Dutta, 1886-1971

• Captain Narendranath Dutta, 1884-1949

• Hem Prava Majumder, 1888-1962

• Nawab Sir K. G. M. Faroqui, 1890-1984

• Ashraf Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury, 1893-1976

• Atindra Mohan Ray, 1894-1979

• Shahidul Haque, 1894-1968

• Khan Bahadur Mofizuddin Ahmed, 1898-1979

• Abdul Malek, 1898-1965

• Habibur Rahman Chowdhury, 1899-1972

• A. K. M. Zahirul Haque (Lil Miah), 1903-1981

• Dr. Akhtar Hamid Khan, 1914-1999

• Major Abdul Gani, 1915-1957

• Dr. Mujibur Rahman Khan, 1925-1982

Related:

History and Sculptures of Mainamati-Lalmai Range | Part 1
Cast Images - History and Sculptures of Mainamati-Lalmai | Part 2
Little History of SouthEast Bengal | Conquest and Culture Changes

A little about Comilla District
Rammala Library and Mahesh Chandra Bhattachrya

Bangladesh Census Report - 2011 for Comilla
Total 16 Upazilas under Comilla District
Khadi or Khaddar Cloth | Tradition of Comilla

Little History of SouthEast Bengal | Conquest and Culture Changes

The instruments of Mughal conquests in Bhati, or Eastern part of the Bengal, the threat or the use of brute force and the use of sizable rewards for enticing enemy defections, did not differ from those used in the west or the north. Typical was Islam Khan’s annexation of the Zamindari of Bhallua, in what is now the Comilla-Noakhali region of the southeastern delta. Around the year 1611 a force of four thousand cavalry, three thousand musketeers, and fifty elephants entered the territory of Raja Ananta Manik with orders to extend to the king the hope of imperial favors should he submit; and if he resisted, bringing to Dhaka either the king’s person or his severed head.

Advancing into the Comilla region, the army easily reduced one of the king’s forts near modern-day Chandpur, while groups of Mughal soldiers pillaged the countryside and terrorized the peasants by killing or imprisoning those who refused submission. Here as elsewhere military sticks were accompanied by political carrots. After making overtures to Mughal officers, the raja’s chief minister was offered and accepted a middle-level imperial rank. His military and political positions thus undermined, Ananta Manik eventually abandoned his territories, which were forthwith annexed to Mughal Bengal.

About the same time, Raja Ram Chandra of Bakla in Eastern Bakarganj, one of the “twelve chieftains” of eastern Bengal, was similarly overwhelmed. Although placed under detention in Dhaka, the ex-king was allowed to retain enough of his former territory to maintain a naval fleet, while his remaining lands were handed over to Mughal collectors and assigned to other Jagirdars. As we have seen, in the delta’s central and northeastern sectors - today’s Dhaka, Mymensingh, and Sylhet districts - Isa Khan’s son Musa had already been defeated and integrated into Mughal service, and in 1612 ‘Uthman Khan, the last major holdout against Mughal authority in the province, was killed and his Afghan troops were absorbed into Mughal service.

Unlike the population of the northern frontier region, however, and despite the pillaging of village communities as had occurred in the campaign against Ananta Manik, the people of eastern Bengal did not mount a prolonged resistance to the imposition of Mughal authority. On the contrary, for much of this region’s population, political submission was gradually followed by the adoption of a distinctly Islamic identity. In the Dhaka region, Muslim peasant communities were reported as early as 1599, even as the balance of power in the region was shifting from Isa Khan to Raja Man Singh. Such communities were also reported in the Noakhali region in the 1630s and in the Rangpur region in the 1660s.

The map above indicates that by 1872, when the earliest reliable census data come to hand, Muslims predominated in Bengal’s eastern districts in proportions ranging from 60 to 90 percent, in contrast to western districts, where they shaded off from less than 40 percent of the total to virtually zero along the delta’s western edge. Clearly, given its extraordinary incidence of Islamization, the cultural evolution of the east departed radically from that of the rest of the delta or, for that matter, the rest of India.

Yet Mughal policy, which in any case was not directed at converting the “natives,” does not appear to have been applied any differently in the east than in the west. Nor is there any evidence that Sufis were any more pious, preachers any more zealous, or warriors any more courageous in East Bengal than were those in the west. For so different an outcome to have occurred there must have been other factors or forces operating in the east that were altogether unique to the region. In the next few chapters we shall explore this question in detail.

source: The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760, Richard M. Eaton

Thanks a lot for reading this.


read other related posts:
History and Sculptures of Lalmai-Mainamati Range - Part 1
History and Sculptures in Mainamati-Lalmai Comilla - Part 3

A little about Comilla District

Bangladesh Census Report - 2011 for Comilla
Total 16 Upazilas under Comilla District
Famous Persons from Comilla Region